🌅 Sunrise Observation Summary

¹ Actual Observed Sunrise or Sunset: The precise instant at which the upper limb of the solar disk becomes tangential to the observer’s visible horizon at sunrise, or completely descends below it at sunset, as recorded under real atmospheric and topographic conditions on the observation date.
² Standard Calculated Sunrise: This is the default sunrise and sunset time commonly found on most applications and websites, including authoritative sources such as HMNAO, NASA, TimeAndDate, Stellarium, and others. Minor discrepancies of a few seconds may exist between platforms, or times may be rounded to the nearest whole minute. These are often referred to as astronomical sunrise and sunset times.

These times are calculated based on standard atmospheric refraction; assuming a zero elevation difference between the observer and the local horizon. In this context, sunrise is defined as the moment the upper limb of the Sun’s disk first becomes visible above the horizon, and sunset as the moment it last disappears below the horizon.
³ Standard Sunrise Corrected for Horizon Angle: This time is calculated using standard atmospheric refraction and is corrected for the angular elevation or depression relative to the observer’s visible horizon.
⁴ Measured using a calibrated personal weather station at the specific time and location of observation.
⁵ Obtained from data published by a verified online meteorological source.
Time: The time referenced herein corresponds to the local time zone.